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It is 1.7475. Conclusion: if I start to react sodium with chlorine, the result is a crystal, a three-dimensional array.
这是1。7475，结论就是：,如果我使钠和氯反应，结果将会是一个晶体，一个三维排列。
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And these rings are indicative of the crystal structure of nickel and can be explained only by invoking wavelike properties of light.
这些光圈,表明了了镍的晶体结构,而且只能通过,光线中波的特征来解释。
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And that's consistent with other things that we've seen, Remember the whole thing about the perfect crystal at zero degrees Kelvin has zero entropy It's completely ordered.
这和我们看到的其他东西自洽吗？,想想零摄氏度下的,完美晶体的熵为零,这是完全有序的。
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Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells - Shattering and avalanching on the snow crust-- Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.
阳光的温暖接着使那水晶的硬壳,从树枝上崩落，一齐倾泻在雪地上-,这么一大堆碎玻璃尽够你打扫,你还以为是天顶的华盖塌了下来。
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And at first this was done by Davidson and Germer, and they were American scientists who tried diffracting electrons from a nickel crystal.
这个实验首先是由，美国科学家Davidson和Germer完成的,他们尝试从镍晶体中衍射电子。
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They wanted to sell us little pieces of rock crystal.
她们便蜂拥而上，向我们兜售起小块的水晶石。
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And, we knew that if we know the crystal structure we can get the Madelung constant, not a problem.
我们都知道只要有了晶体结构,就能知道马德隆常数。
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And then, if you go the real sodium chloride crystal and you do this same calculation but in three-dimensions.
接下来，如果回到实际的氯化钠晶体中,你们做同样的计算,但是是在三维中。
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We looked at pressure change before, actually, in discussing the third law, the fact that the entropy goes to zero as the absolute temperature goes to zero for a pure,perfect crystal.
在讨论热力学第三定律的时候，我们讨论过压强变化,即对于纯净的完美晶体,随着温度下降到绝对零度熵也变成零。
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But look at the lattice energy, the Madelung energy component is huge which tells you that when ions form they really want to continue to glom onto one another and form that giant crystal.
看看晶格能，马德龙能很大,这告诉我们，当形成离子是,它们如果要继续的话,需要从另外一方夺取电子，形成巨大的晶体。
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And that is how come he got involved in this, obviously this is talking about crystal formation.
这也是为什么他会出现在这里，结晶学就是研究晶体的形成。
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And what that corresponds to, if you recall, is the idea that in a perfect crystal at zero degrees Kelvin then you have no disorder at all.
如果你们能回忆起来的的话，这就意味着,绝对零度下的完美晶体,一点无序状态也没有。
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So we are going to have solids and we are going to have crystal.
因此我们得到固体,同时我们也将得到晶体。
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Crystal is an ordered solid, as opposed to a disordered solid.
晶体是一种有序的固体，和无序固体相反。
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You can consider this line a one-dimensional crystal because it is ordered.
你可以考虑这一列为一维的晶体,因为它是有序的。
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It's a geometric factor that's unique for each crystal structure.
特有的几何参数,对不同晶型而言。
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