Arnsten said that the aging prefrontal cortex appears to accumulate excessive levels of a signaling molecule called cAMP, which can open ion channels and weaken prefrontal neuronal firing.

Arnsten认为，衰老的前额叶皮层中积累了过多的信号化学分子，称为环腺苷酸(Camp)，它能打开离子通道，从而削弱前额叶皮层中神经元放电的频率。

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JNK signaling transduction pathway plays a vivtal role in the neuronal apoptosis.

JNK信号转导途径参与神经元凋亡。

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So, the thinking goes, when something depressing happens to a chronically stressed or anxious person, his brain is unable to bounce back by creating new neurons and neuronal circuits signaling better times ahead.

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