As the price of a commodity rises, overall purchasing power decreases (the income effect) and consumers move toward relatively less expensive goods (the substitution effect).

商品的价格提高，整体的购买力下降(收入效应)，消费者转向购买相对价格低的商品(替代效应)。

youdao

But, if the currency is too expensive and artificially overvalued, fewer goods are exported, causing less foreign exchange to enter the country.

但是，如果货币被人为高估，出口就会下降，导致本国外汇减少。

youdao

Brilliant move by China. As Iraq becomes more stable, the Chinese will partner in drilling and buy the oil. And sell (less expensive) arms and consumer goods.

中国的明智之举。随着伊拉克变得更加稳定，中国人会进来合伙采油，然后买走，并把不那么昂贵的武器和消费品卖过去。

youdao

That trade is dying out, in part because traditional copper pots and pans are being replaced by less expensive goods from China.

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Several countries, such as Slovakia, Bulgaria, and the Baltics, have either chosen to adopt the Euro or to peg their currencies to it, which makes their currencies artificially expensive and their goods less competitive on world markets.

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