Measuring the effectiveness of these tools is hard, since nobody can know what the exchange rate would be in their absence.

要测算这些措施的效用是困难的，因为没人能够知道假如没有这些措施汇率会怎样。

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Objective To investigate the clinical feature and evaluate the effectiveness of medicinal treatment in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE).

目的探讨小儿失神癫痫(CAE)的临床特征及评价药物的疗效。

youdao

We have allowed a steady decline in investment in the science-based Stockpile Stewardship Program that promised to assure the safety, effectiveness and reliability of our nuclear weapons in the absence of below-ground tests.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Peace through weakness?

Measuring the effectiveness of these tools is hard, since nobody can know what the exchange rate would be in their absence.

ECONOMIST: Latin America's economies: Waging the currency war | The