经济学

• donation

  However, supplying public product and service would consume economic resource, i. e. paying cost. It is impossible to cover this cost by the voluntary donations from the consumers.

  但是,公共产品和服务的提供要消耗经济资源,即要付出成本,这种成本不可能通过消费者自愿捐款的方式得到补偿,因此,运用国家强制力对私人部门进行征税成为公共提供的主要成本补偿机制。

• contribution

• contribute

法学

• donation

  What caused such phenomenon include informal donation, divided and weak parties, the rise of the middle class, both parties' tendency to catch-all-party to catch the majority of the voters.

  产生这些现象的原因包括美国政党选举中“软捐款”的介入、政党组织本身结构松散和力量薄弱以及中间阶层的崛起和政党为争夺选票而向“兼容型”政党的转变等方面。