Objective: To study the cellular and molecular mechanism of Shenshuning (SSN) in preventing mesangial sclerosis.

Any of a group of eye diseases characterized by abnormally high intraocular fluid pressure damaged optic disk hardening of the eyeball and partial to complete loss of vision.

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) refers to an atheromatous plaque that ulcerates and disrupts the internal elastic lamina, extending through the intima into the aortic media.