The consumption effect of the interest rise depends on the substitution effect and the income effect.
利率上升的消费效用取决于利率上升的替代效应和收入效应的作用之和。
When the wealth effect is smaller than the substitution effect, the stock price negatively correlated with inflation.
当财富效应小于替代效应时，股价与通货膨胀负相关。
However, the latter effect may be negative via the substitution effect as, with a delay, imports may substitute for domestically produced goods.
但是，当由于延误而可能用进口替代国产品的时候，后者影响通过替代效应却可以是消极的。
For small changes in interest rates, says Mr. Jessop, the income effect may dominate, but for large changes the substitution effect may be more important.
Jessop先生说，对于小的利率变化，收入作用占优势，但是大的利率变化下，替代作用则是重要的。
As the price of a commodity rises, overall purchasing power decreases (the income effect) and consumers move toward relatively less expensive goods (the substitution effect).
商品的价格提高，整体的购买力下降(收入效应)，消费者转向购买相对价格低的商品(替代效应)。
However, it is also vital that the infrastructure supports the substitution of one service implementation by another with no effect to the clients of that service.
然而，基础架构支持在不影响服务的客户端的情况下由另一个服务实现替代原有的服务实现也是至关重要的。
To effect the substitution, the tool amends a running kernel image with the new functions' object code and injects a jump at the head of each existing function to call its new counterpart.
为了让替换生效，工具在正在运行的内核映像中添加新的函数对象代码，然后在每个现有函数的开头注入一个跳转，从而调用函数的新实现。
Providing loose-coupling between service requestors and providers, the ESB allows for substitution of one service implementation with another, with no effect to the consumers of that service.
ESB在服务请求者和提供者之间提供松耦合，允许用一个服务实现来替换另一个，而且不会对该服务的消费者造成影响。
Then this paper studied the effect of diffusion coefficient on concentration distribution and the conditions of substitution with numerical dispersion for physical diffusion.
通过将该半解析解与忽略扩散的数值解进行对比分析，讨论了数值弥散代替物理扩散的条件。
The money substitution changes people's demand on money, influences a nation's economy and macro policy effect.
货币替代改变人们对货币的需求，影响一国的经济和宏观政策效果。
The effect of high substitution on the apparent viscosity was obvious, but PH value is not.
取代度对羟丙基淀粉溶液的表观粘度有较明显的影响；
Its impact on the employment of Chinese youth is also double in effect: the function of the employment creation and substitution.
对我国青年就业的影响，也有两方面的效应：就业的创造效应和就业的替代效应。
The well-know Tobin effect and pipe effect describe their substitution and complement respectively.
“托宾效应”和“导管效应”分别描述了它们二者之间的替代和互补。
The effect of assistance of ultrasonic wave on granule appearance of corn starch and the substitution degree were investigated.
研究了超声辅助作用对淀粉颗粒形貌和产品取代度的影响。
Effect of the substitution of gypsum with limestone on the hydration process and performance of C3S, C3A and Portland cement was explored.
研究了用石灰石替代石膏对单矿物c3s、C3A及硅酸盐水泥水化过程及性能的影响。
The effect of the substitution of hydrolyzed blood-cell protein and denatured plasma protein for fish meal in the diet of broilers was studied in our experiment.
在肉仔鸡日粮中添加盐酸水解羊血球蛋白和酸变性血浆蛋白，研究对鱼粉的替代效果。
Various factors relating to the metal carbonyls and to the o atom transfer reagents that effect the rates of CO substitution are discussed.
从金属羰基化合物和氧原子转移试剂两个方面讨论了影响CO取代反应速率的各种因素。
We theoretically show that risky debt changes the incentive to provide the manager with performance-related incentives (a "contract substitution" effect).
公司债务的出现产生了“契约替换”效应，即经理的契约由于风险债务而产生了变化。
In case of necessity for substitution of vessel or alteration of shipping schedule, the Buyers or the shipping agent shall duly advise the Sellers to the same effect.
如买方因故需要变更船只或更改船期时，买方或船舶代理人应及时通知卖方。
Preparation of cement clinker by substitution of rare earth tailing(RET) for clay were investigated. The effect of adding RET on the sintering of cement clinker and it's performance was discussed.
研究了利用稀土尾矿代替粘土配料烧制水泥熟料，探讨了稀土尾矿对水泥熟料煅烧和性能的影响。
The experiment reveals that chestnut-bud substitution for broad-leaf tree sawdust can produce a good effect.
结果表明：板栗苞替代阔叶树木屑培养蜜环菌效果良好。
Due to the variable subjects and methods of solving problems in Higher Mathematics, substitution will not only flexibly develop the ways of problem solving, but also an effect of simplification.
高等数学题目类型繁多，解题方法灵活多变，其中代换法不但能开拓灵活巧妙的解题思路，而且有化难为易、化繁为简之功效。
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of selfmade Huoxue Tongmai Decoction on full-knee joint substitution(TKA).
目的探讨自拟中药活血通脉汤预防全膝关节置换术（TKA）后深静脉栓塞的效果。
Whole effect of the reaction is that the substitution of chlorine for phenolic hydroxy on fluorescein. The reaction mechanism is certificated by the key intermediate found in the work.
反应的结果是氯取了荧光素的酚羟基，反应机理由本工作找到的关键中间体证实。
To explore the clinical effect of Leech and White Peony Decoction on refractory pain after full-knee substitution.
探讨水蛭白芍汤治疗全膝置换术后顽固性疼痛的临床疗效。
In addition, the catalytic effect of W5 and substitution effect on the reaction mechanisms and reaction barriers have also been considered.
此外，还研究了不同取代基和催化剂五羰基合钨对反应机理及反应位垒的影响。
The effect of process conditions, such as microwave, reactant ratio, catalyst and solvent etc, on the nucleophilic substitution and yield of product were investigated.
考察了微波技术、反应物料比、催化剂以及溶剂等主要条件对亲核取代反应和产物收率的影响。
By electronic media industry substitution effect output from the second half of 2010 to the present obvious dropped trend.
受电子媒体替代影响，行业产量从2010年下半年开始就呈现明显的回落趋势。
By electronic media industry substitution effect output from the second half of 2010 to the present obvious dropped trend.
受电子媒体替代影响，行业产量从2010年下半年开始就呈现明显的回落趋势。
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