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I'm going to say, quite to the contrary, the positive charge is concentrated at the center in a tiny, tiny, tiny volume.
我要说的是，完全相反，正电荷集中在中心,在一个非常非常小的体积内。
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And so we have a positive charge in the nucleus which is given by the number of protons.
在原子核上,有很多质子聚集而形成的正电荷。
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So even if we strip an atom of all of its electrons, we still have that same amount of positive charge in the nucleus.
所以即使把一个原子的所有电子都拿走,原子核还是带那么多的正电。
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So, if I've got positive charge uniformly distributed, look at the choice. It's a brilliant experiment.
所以如果按照正电荷是均匀分布的假设来说，就会是这样的，这是一个聪明的实验。
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It still has positive charge, and there is nothing saying another chloride could not stick to it.
它仍然具有正电荷，不能说明另外一个氯,不能固定在上面。
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There is nothing saying that that sodium, its positive charge has not been neutralized.
什么也没有，钠的正电荷没有被中和是。
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And, so we have the positive charge in the center.
正电荷在中心。
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So, shielding happens when you have more than one electron in an atom, and the reason that it's happening is because you're actually canceling out some of that positive charge from the nucleus or that attractive force with a repulsive force between two electrons.
所以当你们在原子中有多于一个电子,屏蔽就会发生，它之所以会发生的原因是,你们实际上抵消了,一些来自原子核的正电荷,或者来自吸引力,在两个电子之间。
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So if we have total +2 and complete shielding -1 where that can actually negate a full positive charge, because remember our nucleus is plus 2, +1 one of the electrons is minus 1, so if it totally blocks it, all we would have left from the nucleus is an effective charge of plus 1.
抵消一个完全的正电荷,因为记住我们的原子核是,其中一个电子是,所以如果它完全挡住了它，我们从原子核中留下的，全部有效电荷就是，所以，在我们的第一个例子中,我们的第一种极端情况。
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So, when we get really close together, granted, there is a net positive negative charge with a Coulombic force of attraction.
当它们真正离得很近时，假设有一个带正负电的电荷,带有库仑引力。
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He could divide all of that by the absolute value of the charge of the positive particle, all over the mass of the positive particle.
他可以把这整个,除以正电粒子的,电荷绝对值除以，正电粒子的质量。
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OK, so all I do is I take into account that I've got all the positive charge, whatever it is, it's a nucleus.
我做的全部是考虑,我得到所有的正电荷，无论是什么，都是一个核。
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So, I've got plus twos, zooming in at high energy against a wall of positive charge.
两个高能的正电荷,在正电荷壁垒时会遇到阻力。
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The total negative charge of the electrons is equal to the positive charge of the nucleus.
所有电子的负电荷,等于核的正电荷。
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You've got a positive charge here with a negative charge around it.
正电荷在这儿,负电荷在周围。
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This is where most of the mass resides and the positive charge resides.
原子的质量和正电荷,大都集中在这里。
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I'm going to say that the positive charge is not uniformly distributed.
我要说,正电荷不是均匀分布的。
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Where is the center of the excess positive charge?
那键的正电荷中心呢？
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So, an energy deficit, accelerating charge, the accelerating negative charge, because it's the negatives that are orbiting the positive center.
能量的损失，加速电荷，加速的负电荷，因为这是负电荷,围绕在正电荷中心的周围。
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That's not a positive and negative charge, that's actually a phase, and that arises from the wave equation.
这不是指正负电荷，它是指相位，这是从波函数中得来的。
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And there is this separation which is a balance of attractive forces because the chloride is net negative and the sodium is net positive, but both of them, regardless of net charge, have electrons.
这里有一个平衡,引力的平衡,由于氯离子带有负的净电荷,钠离子带有正的净电荷，但是它们两个，没有考虑净电荷，电子。
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0 And it has a mass of 9.11 times 10 to the minus 31 kilograms The charge compensation comes out of the nucleus with the proton and it is positive 1.6 times 10 to the minus 19 coulombs.
它的质量是9。11乘以0,到负31千克,电荷补偿来自于,有质子的原子核,它是+1。6*10^库伦。
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And shielding is a little bit of a misnomer because it's not actually that's the electron's blocking the charge from another electron, it's more like you're canceling out a positive attractive force with a negative repulsive force.
屏蔽有一点点用词不当,因为它事实上不是,电子阻挡了来自另一个电子的电荷,它更像你在用一个负排斥力，抵消一个正吸引力,但是屏蔽是考虑这个问题,的很好的方式。
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And what you find out if you do these calculations, is that you have a negative 1 for your formal charge on nitrogen, you have a negative 2 for your formal charge on carbon, and you have a positive 2 for your formal charge on sulfur.
而如果你做了这些计算会发现，氮的形式电荷量为负一，碳的形式电荷量为负二，而硫的形式电荷量为正二。
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So, an electron has a charge of negative e, we've written here and the nucleus has a charge of positive e.
我们写在这，原子核带正e的电荷,我们看到作用力。
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The first, which I just stated, is that the deflection of that negative particle was just far and away more extreme, much, much larger than that of the positive particle. The other assumption that he made here is that the charge on the two particles was equal.
为了这么做，他又做了更多的观察,首先，像我之前已经说了，测到的负电粒子,偏转要远远,大于正电粒子,另外一个他做了一个假设。
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So now that means if this is where the center of positive excess charge lies and on top of it is the center there is no displacement of the charge so there is no net dipole.
所以现在我们说,如果正电荷中心,就位于,那么还是在这里负电荷中心也在这里,所以没有空间偶极。
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