If the element of surprise is to become absolutely central and paramount in the reading process, the gap has to get bigger.

如果“惊讶“元素在阅读过程中是,绝对中心，至高无上的，那么这个间隙必须会更大。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

no surprise] as we refer to the objects they are meant to present - a defect in a literary text."

当我们讲到它们所想要表现的东西时,但这正是文学作品的一个缺点“

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

Yet in many ways, Machiavelli proceeds to deprecate the virtues of the nobility, perhaps to our surprise.

然而在很多方面，马基雅维利却抨击,贵族阶级的所谓美德，或许这令我们很惊讶。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

So, empathy, caring, sympathy don't kick in, but instead there's the aggression unleashed at somebody and there has to be some level of surprise.

所以移情，关怀，同情没有发挥作用，反而是释放了别人的侵略情绪,还必须在一定程度上出人意料。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And what has been a surprise and pleasure to us: students have decided to commute in from as far away as Europe and Asia.

即让我们惊讶且欣喜的是：,远在欧洲和亚洲的学生,也决定赶来。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

Well--since I myself don't believe in souls, it's hard to surprise you to learn that I don't think the soul theory of personal identity is right.

因为我本身不相信灵魂的存在，所以你们肯定能想到,我认为人格同一性的灵魂论,不是正确的。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

MIT So, at MIT things are very different, and keep an open mind, explore new areas -- take advantage of being at this amazing place for science and technology and you may surprise yourself in what you really enjoy learning about.

所以在，一切都很不一样-,你们要保持开放的胸怀，探索新领域,要利用好在这个科学技术圣地的优势,你也许会对你真正对什么感兴趣而感到惊讶。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Then, I didn't get any response for like three months and then to my surprise I got a hand-written letter, in kind of a trembling handwriting; I still have it.

直到三个月后,我才收到回信,这竟然是一封手写的回信,爵士用他颤抖的手亲笔写的,我依然珍藏着

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

There are sources of protein, and this may not surprise you are multiple, and they come in these various sources. These are all good sources of protein but not the only ones.

如你所知,依次为,鱼类和海鲜,家禽,肉类乳品,鸡蛋,豆类,酱油

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

We don't have to worry about how you solve it, but it's problem in mathematics and the answer will be--surprise, it's going to be oscillating back and forth and that'll come out of the wash.

我们没必要去担心这个方程该怎么解,但这个数学问题的答案将会是令人惊讶的,弹簧会来回振荡,问题就迎刃而解了

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

Now in fact, this may come as a surprise to you, I don't have ESP, I'm not a character out of the X-Men, so you can't actually see brain waves emitting from my head, and my reasoning doesn't affect your reasoning.

事实上,这绝对是不可能的,我没有超能力,我也不是X-Men,所以你根本看不到我大脑发出的脑波,我的推理不会影响到你

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This will probably come as a surprise to some of you that Aristotle discovered America but I will get to that in a minute.

这也许,对某些同学而言是个惊奇,亚里士多德竟然发现美国,但我马上就会加以解译。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

The general story of why we can't in general is because there's no surprise, there's no mock aggression, and also there may be a general deadening of self-stimulation.

为什么大部分人不能胳肢自己,是因为它在我们意料之内，没有打闹的侵略性，通常这种引自己笑的念头都会嘎然而止。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

It poses other kinds of difficulty, let's say; but in the case of fiction, in order to be engaged, in order to enter the hermeneutic circle properly, we need the element of surprise, as I say, as a way of distinguishing between fiction and nonfiction.

它的确带来了其它困难，我们可以这样说;,但是在读文学时，为了投入进去，为了合适地进入解释循环，我们需要“惊讶“这个元素，正如我所说，作为区分文学和非文学的一点。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选