• And it's always going to come down to calculating the appropriate free energy, and how it changes in the process.

    这总是涉及到计算,适当的自由能,以及这些自由能在过程中如何变化。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • In other words, now I know how to tell how the Helmholtz free energy changes as a function of temperature.

    换句话说,我现在知道如何写出亥姆赫兹,自由能作为温度的函数。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • But we see if we have a free electron, as we do in this dotted line here, that's going to be a higher energy that's less stable.

    但是我们看到如果,我们有一个自由电子,就像虚线所示那样,那将会是一个较高的,不够稳定的能量。

    麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

  • And so the energy is zero because the electron is no longer bound. It is free.

    所以这个系统能量为0,因为,电子不再受束缚了,它自由了。

    麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

  • Whereas under these conditions, these quantities, if you look at free energy change, for example at constant temperature and pressure, H you can still calculate H.

    但是,在这些条件下,这些物理量,如果我们考察自由能的变化,例如在恒定的温度和压强下,我们仍然可以计算。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • The Gibbs free energy. Notice, we could also write, let's rewrite that.

    吉布斯自由能,注意,我们还可以这样写,重写一下。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • And so that led us to the definitions of other energy quantities, the Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.

    这就要求我们定义,其他的和能量相似的物理量,亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • So I can in a very straightforward way say, OK, well, here is my Helmholtz free energy.

    所以我可以很直接的说,这就是我的亥姆赫兹自由能。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • So again with the Gibbs free energy, now I see how to determine, if I change the pressure, if I change the temperature by some modest amount, how much is the Gibbs free energy going to change?

    再一次通过吉布斯自由能,我知道当我,适当的改变压强和,温度的时候,吉布斯自由能如何变化?

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • What that's going to allow us to do is, if we say, OK I have a mixture of stuff, how does the free energy change?

    我们能够说的是,如果我们有一份混合物,自由能怎么变化?

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • Where the Gibbs free energy, TS u plus pV minus TS is H minus TS.

    吉布斯自由能等于,内能u加上pV减去TS,也是自由焓H减去。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • And that's why the Gibbs free energy is just so enormously important.

    吉布斯自由能G在平衡态取得最小值,吉布斯自由能是最重要的。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • It is a free electron so there is no potential energy to be accounted for.

    对于自由电子,因此没有什么势能。

    麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

  • So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.

    所以,如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态,我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中,即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。

    麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

  • It's the state that has the lowest Gibbs free energy.

    它具有最小的吉布斯自由能。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • In some sense, that's one reason to associate this as a kind of energy, H just like mechanical energy u or enthalpy H, it's the minimum free energy state that is the equilibrium state under the relevant conditions.

    在某种意义下,这是我们把这些物理量称为能量的原因,就像机械能U和自由焓,具有最小自由能的状态在特定的条件下,就是平衡态。

    麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

  • So, if, for example, we were looking at a hydrogen atom in the case where we have the n equals 1 state, so the electron is in that ground state, the ionization energy, it makes sense, is going to be the difference between the ground state and the energy it takes to be a free electron.

    电离氢原子所需要的能量,如果我们看n等于1的情况,电子在基态,那电离能,很合理的就是基态,和自由电子态的能量差。

    麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

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