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They made maps that placed hundreds of thousands of atoms in the ribosomes.
VOA: special.2009.12.08
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But, you can see, this is right out of his notebook, and you can see he's arranged the atoms by row.
但是，你能看到，这是他的记录本的右边，你能看到他按行对原子的排布。
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We don't have to just stick with carbon, we can think about describing other types of atoms as well using this hybridization.
我们不用局限于碳，我们可以考虑利用杂化轨道,描述其它类型的原子。
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Water is made of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
VOA: special.2009.09.30
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I am a specialist of atoms that are left-handed on Thursday afternoons, and don't talk to me about anything else.
我就是原子方面的专家,在周三下午是左撇子，并且不要和我谈论其他方面的任何东西。
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The nebulae,he said, were clouds of atoms and dust.
VOA: special.2009.04.29
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And these are using the technology to augment the real experiments with virtual atoms that show these things are really there but you can't normally see.
他们在使用这些技术,来积累实际经验,通过模拟原子,使这些东西实际存在,但一般不可见。
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The electricity will change the diamond's atoms.
VOA: special.2009.07.18
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While these gas molecules or atoms through first approximation, are like hard spheres.
可以看做刚性小球,每一个分子会占据。
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"They are so complicated that if you tried to estimate how many ways you can make a snowflake, you get a huge number not just billions or trillions, but bigger than the number of atoms in the universe.
VOA: standard.2009.12.19
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That's amazing, you can get atoms to smash atoms and create a chain reaction and create power-- that's a pretty amazing invention.
很惊人，你可以利用原子去做加速粒子,并产生连锁反应，然后创造能量-,那是个十分惊人的发明。
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So, I infer the existence of atoms based on the fact that doing that allows me to explain things that need explaining.
所以说我推测原子的存在是基于,该假设使得我能够解释,所需解释的一些现象
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Diatomic mean it's di atomic, it's made up of two atoms, and homonuclear means that those two are the same atoms.
双原子意味着它是两个原子，它由两个原子组成，同核意味着这两个原子时相同的原子。
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So when we talk about orbitals in multi-electron atoms, they're actually lower in energy than the corresponding h atom orbitals.
它们的能量实际上,比对应的氢,原子轨道要低。
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We started talking about these on Wednesday, and what we're going to start with is considering specifically the wave functions for multi-electron atoms.
我们从周三开始讨论这些，而且我们将要以特别地考虑,多电子原子的波函数,为开始。
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So any time you have two atoms bonding, the bond axis is just the axis that they're bonding along.
任何时候如果你有两个原子成键，键轴就是它们成键的方向。
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And we can do the same thing with, well, we're going to do it with nitrogen in a minute, but this is a case where we have two atoms sharing electrons.
然后同样的，我们也可以很快的对氮气进行类似的处理，但是这是共用电子,的双原子例子。
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PROFESSOR: No. So, compared to the atoms, it should be somewhat the same energy, we shouldn't get any extra stabilization from forming the molecule.
不会，所以和原子相比，它的能量相同，形成分子并不会带来额外的稳定性。
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All right, so it's very common to talk about electronegativity of different atoms, and you can look up tables of these.
好，这是很常见的,对于不同原子电负性的讨论，大家可以查阅这方面的表格。
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A covalent bond is any time we have a pair of electrons that is shared between two different atoms.
所谓共价键就是我们有两个原子,共用一对电子。
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So, one we finish our discussion of how we think about multi-electron atoms, we can go right on and start talking about these other things.
一旦我们结束了,多电子原子的讨论,我们马上就可以,开始讨论这些问题。
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Then we'll move on to talking about the binding energies, and we'll specifically talk about how that differs from the binding energies we saw of hydrogen atoms.
然后我们将会讨论结合能,而且我们将特别地讨论，那个如何与氢原子,的结合能不同,我们讨论氢原子特别深入。
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There's absolutely no reason I couldn't have switched it around and said that instead the pi orbitals form between these atoms instead of those first atoms I showed.
我完全没有理由,不能把它转过来,现在π键在这些原子间,而不是我开始展示的那些原子间。
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So it's trigonal because we have these three atoms that are bound to the central atom here, and if you picture it, it's actually shaped like a pyramid.
这里三角形是因为,我们有3个原子核中心原子成键，如果你画它，它就是金字塔形的。
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We could also figure out the formal charges, and obviously the formal charges between these two atoms, they're going to be identical, we're only dealing with oxygen atoms here.
我们还可以把形式电荷算出来，显然这两个原子的形式电荷，应该是完全相同的，我们要处理的只有氧这一种原子。
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So, this is just one example of how these properties can already, even our understanding just talking about single atoms, can already make an impact in these biological systems.
这只是一个例子，通过它我们可以看到，尽管我们仅仅讲到了单个原子，但我们现在已经可以用它的性质来理解一些生物系统。
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So writing out electron configurations I realize is something that a lot of you had experience many of you are very comfortable doing it, especially for the more straightforward atoms.
所以我认为写出电子构型是,你们大多数在高中,你们大多数可能都非常熟练做出它，特别是对于更为简单的原子。
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The reason is because the predominant force at this point is going to be the attraction that's being felt between the nuclei and the electrons in each of the atoms.
这是因为这时候最主要的力,是吸引力，它来自于,其中一个原子的电子与另外一个原子的原子核之间。
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In terms of where different atoms are in a molecule, if you have a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, you can pretty much guarantee they're always going to be terminal atoms.
对于不同原子在分子中的位置，如果你有一个氢原子或者一个氟原子，那你基本可以保证,它们总是最末端的原子。
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So whether we finish it today, or more likely when we finish it up on Friday, once we get passed isoelectronic atoms, that's it, that's all you need to study for this first exam.
因此，我们也许今天讲完，或者更有可能周五讲完，无论如何，就到我们讲完等电子原子为止，这是你们第一次考试所需要准备的全部内容。
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