From the user space perspective, there is no need to modify the application code.
从用户空间的角度来看，不需要修改应用程序代码。
At the top is the user, or application, space.
最上面是用户(或应用程序)空间。
This section walks through the construction of a few system calls to demonstrate their implementation and use by a user-space application.
本节将介绍几个系统调用的构造，从而展示它们的实现和用户空间应用程序对它们的使用。
This provides the system call interface that connects to the kernel and provides the mechanism to transition between the user-space application and the kernel.
它提供了连接内核的系统调用接口，还提供了在用户空间应用程序和内核之间进行转换的机制。
This command notes how long it takes for an application to complete and also measures how long it spends in user space and in kernel space.
这个命令会显示一个应用程序运行完成需要多少时间，并可以测量它在用户空间和内核空间各花费了多少时间。
In the end, the syscall interface provides the means to transfer control between the user-space application and the kernel.
最后，系统调用接口提供了在用户空间应用程序和内核之间转移控制的方法。
LUFS is a hybrid user space filesystem framework that supports an indefinite number of filesystems transparently for any application.
LUFS是一个混合用户空间的文件系统框架，它对用于任何应用程序无数的文件系统提供透明支持。
This array is a list of parameters that define the execution environment for the user-space application.
该数组是一组定义用户空间应用程序执行环境的参数列表。
The application will keep on consuming more and more user temporary table space.
应用程序将继续消费越来越多的用户临时表空间。
After the kernel is booted and initialized, the kernel starts the first user-space application.
当内核被引导并进行初始化之后，内核就可以启动自己的第一个用户空间应用程序了。
After typing in a query in the "search charm", the user touches the application and it is given some screen space to show its results.
用户在“searchcharm”里面输入查询内容，然后触摸应用程序，就会有一块屏幕空间给它显示结果。
Since WebSEAL junctions create a logical mapping between the Web space of a back-end application server, junctions can be used to create a transparent mapping for the user or Web application.
由于WebSEAL联结创建了后端应用服务器的Web空间间的逻辑映射，因而联结可被用来为用户或Web应用程序创建一个透明映射。
Through the usermode-helper API, the module is loaded into the kernel via modprobe (the application invoked in user space via request_module).
通过使用usermode - helperAPI，模块通过modprobe加载到内核(应用程序通过request _ module在用户空间被调用)。
A user can input an application space name and click on the Retrieve roles button.
用户可以输入应用程序空间名，然后单击Retrieve roles按钮。
At the top is the user space layer, or application layer, which defines the users of the network stack.
最上面是用户空间层，或称为应用层，其中定义了网络栈的用户。
Now that kernel is updated with a few new system calls, let's look at what's necessary to use them from a user-space application.
现在内核已经使用新系统调用完成更新了，接下来看一下从用户空间应用程序中使用这些系统调用需要执行的操作。
I must recompile the kernel and make the new image available for booting before testing the user-space application.
接下来必须对内核重新进行编译，并在测试用户空间应用程序之前使引导使用的新映像变为可用。
Suddenly, information is not an end in itself, but an interface that allows a user to control an application space far too complex for a traditional software application.
突然，信息本身并不是目的，而是一个接口，允许用户控制应用程序的空间太大了，传统的软件应用程序复杂。
Provide a dedicated space for identifying the application brand and user location.
提供一个专用空间来标识应用商标和用户位置。
A user-space emulator such as lxrun waits for the application to try to make a system call.
用户空间模拟器，比如lxrun，会等待应用程序尝试进行系统调用。
VI Architecture (VIA) reduces the communication overhead by eliminating the context switch between the user mode and the kernel mode and using the application space as the network data buffer .
通过消除数据传输过程中用户态和核心态之间上下文切换、将应用程序空间直接作为网络数据缓存来降低通信开销。
VI Architecture (VIA) reduces the communication overhead by eliminating the context switch between the user mode and the kernel mode and using the application space as the network data buffer .
通过消除数据传输过程中用户态和核心态之间上下文切换、将应用程序空间直接作为网络数据缓存来降低通信开销。
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