The other, Belviq, works on brain receptors for serotonin, a neurotransmitter than triggers feelings of satisfaction.
Another approach to cognitive enhancement, says Dr Robbins, is through a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine.
This chemical is a neurotransmitter: its molecules carry messages from one nerve cell to another.
One of the main factors identified in this research is low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
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These circuits involve the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is often involved in feel-good activities and even in addiction.
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An example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter is GABA, which reduces energy levels and calms everything down.
The target: a neurotransmitter called glutamate and its receptors, which malfunction in the forebrain of psychotic patients.
An example of an excitatory neurotransmitter is glutamate, which would normally increase brain activity and energy levels.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, or AChEis, help to regulate the neurotransmitter acetylcholine one of the chemicals that cause neurons to fire.
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The drugs affect a neurotransmitter in the brain called acetylcholine and can cause dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and memory loss.
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These receptors interact with the neurotransmitter glutamate, the levels of which seem to be out of balance in depression.
This substance is a neurotransmitter one of several dozen chemical messengers that carry signals from one nerve cell to another.
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Whether the emotion is anger, euphoria or fear, it triggers neurotransmitter changes that kick the brain into a hyper-alert state.
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Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the brain, meaning it is a chemical used to send messages from nerve to nerve.
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Four of the five drugs approved for Alzheimer's block an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, indirectly increasing levels of this neurotransmitter.
This receptor, the D2, has a counterpart, the D2 neurotransmitter, and the pairs are scattered in different command centers of the brain.
Blocking substance P triggers a molecular chain reaction that boosts levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, apparently much more selectively than Prozac does.
Nicotine actually exerts its effect by mimicking a second neurotransmitter called acetylcholine.
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Some of the damage the disease causes to brain neurons that make the neurotransmitter dopamine also occur in the gut neurons, researchers say.
People with versions of these genes that increase the effect of the neurotransmitter are more likely to vote than those with low-activity versions.
The presence of AChEis causes the neurotransmitter to hang around and fire excessively, and therefore can cause abnormal brain function and uncontrolled muscle action.
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Wang has already demonstrated that the mere sight and smell of food can cause a release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with motivation and pleasure.
It works similarly to many pesticides, by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter, leading to a rapid buildup of this chemical in the body.
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In one application of optogenetics, scientists investigated how neurons that make dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain, may give rise to feelings of reward and pleasure.
Scientists believe glutamate is a much more direct target for depression than serotonin, a neurotransmitter affected by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs like Prozac and Paxil.
Nerve agents stop the body from breaking down the acetylcholine neurotransmitter, overwhelming the nervous system and causing convulsions that can lead to death within minutes of exposure.
Research at UCLA found that too much time spent on social media and too little time in social interaction is stimulating brain cell alteration and neurotransmitter release.
CGRP, which stands for calcitonin gene-related peptide neurotransmitter, has long been thought to play a role in migraines, but for much of that time for the wrong reason.
Experts aren't sure how organophosphates might interfere with fetal brain development, although they do know that in insects the pesticides slow the breakdown of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter.
Dr. Gershon, professor of pathology and cell biology at Columbia, has been studying how the gut controls its behavior and that of other organs by investigating the neurotransmitter serotonin.
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