Until recently, there was no national minimum wage in China, and local minimum wages were typically below the prevailing market wage so as not to destroy jobs and growth.
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William Lester, and Michael Reich, for example, use county-level data over a 16.5 year period to examine the impact of local differences in minimum wages on employment in restaurants, which primarily hire low-skilled workers.
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Local or Global Minimum Variance structures, (LMV and GMV), tend to offer little in the sense of return simply to create a minimal variance they have to be based around extremely low risk assets.
For example, the state of Washington has no income tax, but a minimum state and local sales tax of 7%.
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It stops governments from requiring investors to use a minimum level of local inputs, and to export at least as much as they import.
Greater Manchester's local councils are considering creating a minimum price for the sale of alcohol in the region, it has been announced.
As a consequence, the minimum combined state and local sales tax as reported by the Sales Tax Institute was used in this analysis.
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While those are the only countries in the world selling citizenship directly, in the Dominican Republic, foreigners who invest in real estate or local businesses can obtain citizenship after a minimum residency of just six months (as opposed to the standard two years that other people would have to wait).
Britain does not emerge well: it sought to protect its interests with minimum cost and without thought to local aspirations.
That's because of the interplay of these deductions with the dreaded alternative minimum tax, which disallows all local tax deductions.
John Edwards, Mr Kerry's running-mate in 2004, has been telling local Democratic caucuses that they should embrace the minimum-wage issue as a sure winner.
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Mr Heaton-Harris' Onshore Wind Turbines (Proximity of Habitation) Bill would give local planning authorities the power to specify the minimum distance between turbines and homes.
Second in the batting order is the Green MP Caroline Lucas, whose Landlord Accreditation Bill would require local authorities to operate landlord accreditation schemes guaranteeing minimum standards for tenants.
At the very minimum, city governments should ensure that local leadership can manage 100% of their revenues, along with their liabilities.
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At a minimum, both seemed to agree, a new local-government law must be passed so as to give municipalities (including Albanian-dominated ones) the power to raise and spend money freely.
Mr Bloomberg wants to go further by offering visas to foreigners who agree to live in a failing city such as Detroit for a minimum of seven years without claiming any federal, state or local welfare benefits.
There are many other potential problems associated with municipal bonds, including interest rate risk, and although they are federally tax-free, other state and local taxes may apply and interest income may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Local communities make a bad situation worse by using planning laws, such as minimum plot size, to exclude low-income families. (Many ritzy suburbs will not allow a property to have a second kitchen for fear that the owner might take in tenants.) Meanwhile, many of the same communities compete to attract high-value commercial developments.
To increase physical activity, local elected officials commit to mapping local playspaces, completing a community needs assessment, developing an action plan and launching a minimum of three proven policies, programs or initiatives aimed at increasing access to play.
The founders were short of the minimum 500 residents to incorporate, so they added the 169 patients and employees of a local mental hospital to their count.
The bill proposes that before a school could be shut the local authority would have to study alternatives to closure, provide an educational benefit statement, consult for a minimum of six weeks of term time and extend the list of consultees to include school inspectors.
The new rules passed by team owners allow for local broadcasts even with ticket sales at just 85 percent, and while each team can set its own minimum, if it sells more tickets it will have to share more of the revenue with other clubs.
About five years ago, the federation joined with local community groups mobilizing to improve working conditions for car washers, mainly immigrants sometimes paid less than the hourly minimum wage and largely relying on tips.
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