Cohen took the malaria surface protein used in Ballou's vaccine and fused it to a protein from the hepatitis B virus, creating a harmless particle that looked like a virus to the immune system.

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Medtronic 's ( MDT - news - people ) spine surgery business is dominated by a procedure called spinal fusion, in which two of the segments of the backbone, called vertebrae, are fused together using metal rods and cages, bone taken from elsewhere in the body, and protein drugs that stimulate bone growth.

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