Fiona Kirkwood, cardiac nurse for the British Heart Foundation, said recent randomised studies had shown that combined hormone replacement therapy (oestrogen and progesterone) did not provide any protective benefit to women for coronary heart disease.

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She said the result was in clear contrast to the Women's Health Institute trial of combined progestogen and oestrogen therapy in women with a uterus.

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These three methods are oftentimes combined in what is called symbiotic therapy.

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The trial showed that patients randomized to chelation therapy had a lower risk of a combined endpoint of death, heart attack, stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention, bypass surgery or hospitalization for angina than those who received a placebo infusion.

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Peter Hill, a consultant child psychiatrist, says that some patients wait 18 months for therapeutic help despite studies in America which show that behavioural therapy can work, on its own or combined with low doses of drugs.

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The idea of treating disease by replacing a defective gene with a working copy gained credence in 1990 with the success of the world's first gene therapy clinical tests against a rare condition called severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

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He added that the study showed the impact of the combined HIV strategy of promoting condoms, increasing regular HIV testing and encouraging the earlier use of anti-HIV drug therapy.

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