The concept refers both to actual conflict of interest and the appearance or perception of conflict.

此概念同时指实际利益冲突和冲突出现或感知。

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He also found that Mr Fox had facilitated an introduction between his friend and a donor and that donations given to Mr Werritty could be seen to give rise to the perception of a conflict of interest.

BBC: 'Naive' Werritty admits mistakes over links to Liam Fox

Greg Sterling, a search analyst and founder of Sterling Market Research sees Google's conflict of interest as a question more of perception than reality.

FORBES: Magazine Article