The 19th Amendment forbids discrimination against any voter on the basis of sex.
But your statistics demonstrate that firms are already allocating power on the basis of sex to men.
Instead, lawsuits proceed on the fact that it is usually illegal to discriminate on the basis of sex, race, religion, disability or national origin.
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Quotas force firms either to pad their boards with token non-executive directors, or to allocate real power on the basis of sex rather than merit.
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Since it was perfectly legal to discriminate on the basis of sex, there was no real comeback when employers simply said that no women need apply.
Nevertheless, the court's ruling further smudges the already blurred line between discrimination on the basis of sex, which is what is actually outlawed by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act (the primary source of sexual-harassment law), and mere incivility or, in Mr Oncale's case, criminal assault.
Thirty years ago, the U.S. Supreme Court banned discrimination of insured persons on the basis of their sex in connection with pension funds under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
To begin with, promoting people on the basis of their sex is illiberal and unfair, and stigmatises its beneficiaries.
The amendment to the state constitution would prohibit the state from granting preferential treatment or discriminating against any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, skin color, ethnicity or national origin.
When, on the basis of our same-sex relationship, the military attempted to bar me from accompanying Jared on a congressional delegation to Seattle, we fought and I triumphantly took my seat alongside the other spouses.
Under existing laws U.S. courts generally reject lawsuits against supervisors, unless they're accused of discriminating on the basis of age, race or sex.
Discuss with the attorney whether you have a potential legal claim, say, for discrimination on the basis of age, race, sex or disability, or for illegal retaliation because you refused to do something improper.
And the Safe Schools Improvement Act, sponsored by Senator Bob Casey of Pennsylvania and Representative Linda Sanchez of California, would require school districts to adopt codes of conduct specifically prohibiting bullying and harassment, including on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, and religion.
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For instance, the federal Fair Housing Act prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, family status or pregnancy, and handicap.
Even more people - 76% - favoured introducing some form of regulation for the sex industry on the basis that it was unlikely the problem would simply go away, according to the NOP Solutions survey carried out for Bella magazine.
On the basis of the national sample surveys (NSS), they calculate that India's sex ratio at birth swung from 924 females per 1, 000 males in 2004-05 to 977 in 2011, a stunning turnaround in favour of girls.
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