Private firms reacted by reducing capital expenditure (by 8-15%) and research and development (by 7-12%); employment and sales growth also suffered.

私有企业的反应是削减资本支出(8 - 15%)及研发费用(7 - 12%)；就业率及销售增长同样受到伤害。

youdao

Expenditure on preparation of the overall development plan of the new town.

新市镇整体开发计画规划费用。

youdao

First of all, the land prices is the biggest developer of development expenditure, accounting for a real estate development costs of about 30%.

首先，土地价格是最大的开发商，开发支出，占房地产开发成本的30 %左右。

youdao

Centrica's 20% share of the pre-development expenditure will be written off as an exceptional cost in the group's 2012 results.

BBC: Centrica pulls out of new UK nuclear projects

Small firms account for only a small proportion of the economy and a correspondingly small proportion of investment and of research-and-development expenditure.

ECONOMIST: Go forth and multiply | The

Innovation is not driven by high expenditure on research and development, but by the company's insights into consumer habits.

ECONOMIST: Consumer goods: Cleaning up | The