Long-term effects are primarily mediated by changes in tree species composition and the consequent alterations of forest structure, productivity, and nutrient uptake.

长期影响主要是由树种组成的变化以及随之而来的森林结构、生产力和养分吸收的变化所导致的。

youdao

A transfering probability matrix model of linearly generalized diameter growth was used to deal with the tree species composition problem of mixed unevenly aged forest.

对直径生长转移概率矩阵模型进行了线性扩展，用以研究混交异龄林的树种组成问题。

youdao

Shifts in forest species composition ramify through the ecosystem in many ways because tree species have different, often unique properties.

由于树种具有不同的、往往是独特的特性，森林物种组成的变化以多种方式影响着生态系统。

youdao

The report also says that the composition of the world's forests is likely to change because some tree species will not be able to move northwards (or to higher altitudes) to escape the encroaching warmth.

BBC: Climate change warning