Duricrust is a hard layer on or near the surface of soil.

铝铁硅钙壳是土壤表面或其附近的一层硬物。

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Once it reaches the surface of the soil, the "slug" undergoes another transformation.

一旦接触土壤表面，这条“鼻涕虫”就会发生另一种变形。

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Wetlands are areas of marshy, swampy land, areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for a large part of the year.

湿地是指多沼泽的区域，软而湿的陆地，一年中的大部分时间有水覆盖着土壤、或是有水存在于土壤表面或接近土壤表面的地方。

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Along with some pieces of uniform, a bottle, some coins and a pipe were found with the body, just below the surface of the soil.

BBC: Hunt for WWI soldier's family

Other culprits include the application of fertilizer in the fall, when the ground is bare, and the spreading of manure on the surface, instead of into the soil.

WSJ: Report predicts ever-bigger Lake Erie algae blooms

Because it doesn't stir up the soil, it lets the land keep its stored carbon and even adds some, because those corn stalks on the surface gradually become part of the soil.

NPR: Iowa Farmers Look to Trap Carbon in Soil