That changed in the wake of the Reformation and the counter-Reformation.

BBC: The myth of the eight-hour sleep

What followed the Reformation was, actually, the Counter-Reformation, which used the same means i.e.

NEWYORKER: The Information

As they move among the remnants of Valladolid's former royal splendor, tourists can consider how Spain might have developed had the Counter-Reformation not been so successful in suppressing the nascent Protestant heresy--or what might have happened had there been more men like Salcedo.

FORBES: Magazine Article