It also covers the installation, testing and validation of instrumentation, computer hardware and software, and communications equipment.

它也涵盖了仪器仪表、计算机软硬件和通讯设备的安装、测试和验证。

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While testing is still currently the most widely used validation technique in the software industry, formal methods are regarded a new promising approach.

测试仍然是目前工业界广泛采用的确认软件是否正确可靠的主要手段，而形式化方法被认为是非常有希望的新途径。

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Developers should plan for between 30% and 70% of a projects effort to be expended on verification and validation activities, including software testing.

开发者应该计划把一个项目中的30%到70%的精力用于“验证”和“校验”，包括软件测试。

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However, Colgate suggested in an earlier interview with CNN.com that a non-academic team could perform the review, perhaps a software testing and validation firm.

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What sets model-based testing apart from other test automation approaches is that it enables to automate all phases of software testing: test creation, test execution and validation of the test-outcome.

FORBES: Machiel van der Bijl On Automated Software Testing