Instead, semiconductor firms simply squeezed more patents out of existing research and development expenditures.

相反，半导体公司只是从现有的研发支出中榨取更多的专利。

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The amount recorded into profit or loss for the current period and those confirmed as the research and development expenditures for intangible assets.

计入当期损益和确认为无形资产的研究开发支出金额。

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The 2010 Booz &Co. ranking of companies by their expenditures on research and development places Apple 81st.

2010年Booz公司发布的公司研发支出额排名上，苹果在81位。

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Or take the FASB's Statement 2, which requires companies to deduct research and development expenditures from income in the period in which they are made.

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For companies with already high payout ratios, this can be problematic, as a higher percentage of earnings paid to shareholders may crimp capital expenditures or research and development commitments that are needed to keep the business growing.

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Put a 25 percent tax rate on individuals and corporations and see how it comes out in terms of personal consumption expenditures and corporate spending for plant and equipment, even research and development.

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