These artifacts must always be at hand before, during and after a project, because they offer a primary point of reference for planning, design, implementation, maintenance, and optimization methods.

在项目开始之前、进行期间以及结束之后，这些工件必须始终记在心里，因为它们提供了规划、设计、实施、维护及优化方法参考的要点。

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A top-down implementation requires more planning and design work to be completed at the beginning of the project.

自顶向下的实现需要在项目开始时完成更多计划和设计工作。

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Environmental assessments are processes which aim to integrate environmental, social and economic concerns into project planning, design and implementation.

环境评估是旨在把环境、社会和经济考虑纳入项目规划、设计和实施的过程。

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Further institutional capacity building of MoI Literacy Department in project planning, implementation, management, teacher training, materials development and monitoring and evaluation are envisaged to be carried out in LEAP 2 together with the MoI.

UNESCO: OFFICE IN KABUL