Liker notes, "This is especially true because in most processes there are relatively few value-added steps, so improving those value-added steps will not amount to much."

Liker解释说：“这一点特别正确，因为在多数过程中，很少有价值累加的步骤，因此改善这些步骤也不能得到更多效果。”

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Apple executives may not want to admit it, but Liker says one of the biggest advantages of going overseas is that workers there are much, much cheaper.

FORBES: Cheap Labor, Taxes, Location: Why Apple Doesn't Build Products in the U.S.