He was a tinkerer, inventor, patent holder, and had worked for the biggest engineering firm of all time, NASA.

他做过修补匠、发明家、专利持有人，还给无论何时都是最大的工程技术公司NASA打过工。

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The most common type of misuse occurs when the patent holder USES the patent to violate the antitrust laws.

最常见的滥用专利权行为常发生在专利权人利用其专利违反反垄断法的时候。

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The most egregious offence is the “pay-for-delay” deal, under which a patent-holder pays a maker of generic drugs to delay its launch of a cheap copy.

妨碍仿制药上市最臭名昭著的绊脚石是“付费推迟”协议。 根据这项协议，专利持有人可以买通仿制药制造商以推迟其将廉价的复制产品推向市场。

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Drug companies were also concerned about parallel imports: the practice of allowing legal products, in this case pharmaceuticals priced at one level in one country, into another country without the consent of the patent holder.

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In Tuesday's 70-minute arguments, several justices disputed the claims of Bowman's lawyer that the so-called "exhaustion" doctrine of patent law limits the control the patent holder can exert after the first authorized sale of the item.

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That Monsanto, one of the most significant contributors to this research, has placed conditions on the use of its intellectual property or charges for access to its property is neither extraordinary nor problematic: Licensing agreements are complicated affairs, running into the dozens of pages, and they always preserve a range of protections for the patent holder.

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