In civil law countries, the witness means a person who state to a magistrate by his perception of the facts of the case, which does not include the parties and appraisers.

在大陆法系国家，证人指以其亲身所感知的案件事实向裁判者进行陈述的人，不包括当事人和鉴定人。

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Since becoming a Magistrate Judge in 2003, Judge Shwartz has handled more than 4000 civil and criminal cases.

WHITEHOUSE: The White House