All the molecules are in the ground state.
所有的分子都在基态。
Everything is in the ground state when it's cold enough.
所有的东西都处于基态,当足够冷的时候。
So, what it means physically is all the molecules are in the ground state.
那么,从物理上它意味着所有的分子,处于基态。
What is the binding energy of the ground state electron in hydrogen?
氢在基态的情况下,它的电子结合能是多少?
It is telling us that the ground state in lithium would be Z squared.
它告诉我们锂原子的基态,是z的平方。
It is telling us that the ground state in lithium would be Z squared.
它告诉我们锂原子的基态,是z的平方。
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