AIDS is a tremendous problem, deaths from HIV infection and AIDS a tremendous problem in Africa and other parts of the world.

艾滋病是一个巨大的问题,在非洲和世界其他地方,艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病带来的死亡,是一个巨大的问题

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So, I have a bacteria infection, stimulates my immune system, I start making antibodies that bind to an antigen specific to that bacteria.

所以 如果我被细菌感染了,我的免疫系统被激活,开始制造抗体,这些抗体结合到细菌特异性的抗原上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now in some--in the chronic respiratory diseases there's some infection but most of the other things are caused by lifestyle or by other factors, not the infectious diseases.

如今一些,如慢性呼吸道疾病,有一些是传染所得,但大多数,都是生活方式或其他因素导致的,而不是感染性疾病

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And then he had an infection, had to have surgery.

然后他感染了，不得不做手术。

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You can become dehydrated and die just as a result of the loss of water there, because of your body's natural response to the infection.

就会脱水,而失水的后果就是死亡,这是你身体对于这种感染的自然反应

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Well, smallpox affected world history, it's--just as HIV infection is affecting world history now.

天花影响了世界历史,正如艾滋病现在正在影响世界历史

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In many cases, it affects--it also initiates its infection through the gut.

在很多情况下,它也同样是一种经消化道感染病毒

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Some are called neutrophils and those are responsible for fighting infection.

有些称为嗜中性粒细胞,有抗感染的作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And so you would be susceptible to infection by this organism.

所以你很可能会感染天花

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So, one that perhaps does not reproduce in such high numbers that you create an overwhelming infection, but one that still goes through its lifecycle but is limited in its effect.

因此,一方面这些病毒不会大量复制,从而不会导致暴发性的感染,另一方面,它依旧在进行生命周期循环,只不过对其效用进行了限制

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But in some cases, that progressions of the disease would start to affect other organs, in addition to your skin, and your body would become overwhelmed with the infection and eventually die.

但在某些情况下,疾病的蔓延,会开始影响其它器官,不仅是皮肤,你的身体在受到感染后全线崩溃,直至死亡

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That infection occurs because of a ligand receptor interaction on the cell surface where the virus itself is the ligand and it takes advantage of a receptor that's expressed on the cell surface.

感染的发生是由于,配体与细胞表面受体相互作用,病毒是配体,它利用了在,细胞表面表达的受体

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And he kept track of how many people he gave the vaccines to, and then he kept track of what would happen to those people when a smallpox infection occurred in their community.

他与接种过牛痘的人保持联系,关注当天花在这些人周围肆虐时,他们身上发生了什么

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You're not only spreading the infection.

你传播的不仅仅是特定一种传染病

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HIV infection and AIDS is the one that comes first to mind, and is responsible for this slide, I think this is data from a few years ago, 700,000 deaths per year.

IV感染和艾滋病是我们第一个想到的,在这幅幻灯片上也提到了,我想这是几年前的数据了,每年死亡七十万人

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