As a result, a mapping change can be felt as far as the presentation tier.
因此，变更映射能够在表示层觉察到。
The presentation tier (not the focus of this article) USES the Struts framework.
表示层(并非本文的重点)使用Struts框架。
The data tier cannot be accessed directly from the client in the presentation tier.
数据层不能从表示层中的客户端直接访问。
This model is composed of three tiers: data tier, application tier and presentation tier.
模型框架结构分为数据层、应用服务层和视图层。
The middle tier defines an interface that specifies how the presentation tier accesses the data.
中间层会定义一个接口，用于指定表示层访问数据的方式。
These services create a model that the presentation tier consumes to create a view to send to a client.
这些服务创建一个模型，表示层利用此模型来创建一个发送到客户机的视图。
The presentation tier never sends or receives query variables directly to or from the middle tier.
表示层从不直接向中间层发送查询变量，也从不直接从中间层接收查询变量。
This section describes considerations relating to the use of Spring in the Web-based presentation tier.
本部分介绍与在基于Web的表示层中使用Spring相关的注意事项。
The Domain Model divides into three portions: a presentation tier, an application tier, and a data tier.
领域模型把应用划分成三个部分：表现层，应用层和数据层。
The presentation tier USES a Web browser with AJAX and RSS capabilities to create a rich user interface.
表现层使用Web浏览器附加ajax和RSS能力来创建富用户界面。
This is because changes that were made to entities on the presentation tier are not tracked on the middle tier.
这是因为在表示层上对实体所做的更改不会在中间层上进行跟踪。
Then you design the application including the integration between the presentation tier and the content services tier.
然后您设计包含呈现层和内容服务层之间的集成的应用程序。
The client or presentation tier must have type definitions for the classes that it will be receiving from the middle tier.
客户端或表示层必须具有将从中间层接收的用于类的类型定义。
The presentation tier is the interface from the servers to the client, and is responsible for formatting the output so that it can be displayed on the client.
表示层是从服务器到客户机的接口，它负责控制输出的格式，让输出可以在客户机上显示。
This experience approximates the mixed architecture, but is simpler to implement because the presentation tier and application logic are always against the local database.
这种体验比较接近混合架构，但实现起来更加简单，因为表示层和应用程序逻辑始终是针对本地数据库的。
If the same line of code executes in the presentation tier, the value of size variable is 0 if the default lazy fetching configuration for one-to-many associations is in use.
如果使用默认懒加载(lazy)配置的一对多关联，并在表示层中执行同一行代码，size变量的值为0。
Also at the presentation tier is a SOAP-based Web service interface to allow a customer system to access functions directly, such as a parts ordering function for a manufacturer's service.
同样在表现层，可以使用一个基于SOAP的Web服务界面来容许用户系统直接访问系统功能，例如一个制造业者服务里的部件排序功能。
However, if you must use original values for optimistic concurrency checks, then the presentation tier is responsible for tracking those values and sending them back when it makes updates.
但是，如果必须使用原始值进行开放式并发检查，则表示层在其进行更新时负责跟踪这些值并将这些值发送回去。
The only differences are the nature of the client and the presentation layer of the middle tier.
惟一的不同点在于客户端的本质和中间层的表示层。
Many of these plug-ins are community-driven, the result of people wanting to use Grails with their presentation-tier technology of choice.
许多插件都是由社区驱动的，是那些希望将Grail与他们喜欢的表示层技术一起使用的人们的努力结果。
The enterprise tier, through technologies such as EJB and JPA, has strong support for transactional resources. The web tier is focused on presentation.
Enterprise层（借助于EJB和JPA等技术）对事务性资源提供了强大的支持，而Web层则关注于展示。
This arrangement shows a thick client deployment in which all the presentation and some of the application logic are mapped to the client physical tier.
这个安排显示了一个瘦客户机部署，其中的全部表示和一些应用程序逻辑都映射到了客户机物理层。
The adaptation rules for presentation and navigation will be implemented in the processing module of the application using a suitable programming language or a middle tier framework.
表示和导航所对应的自适应规则通过一种合适的编程语言或中间层框架在应用程序的处理模块内实现。
These examples demonstrate adaptive presentation using XML at the user interface level, and such adaptations can also be part of the logical tier of the application.
这些示例展示了使用XML实现的用户界面层的自适应表示，这类自适应调整也可以是应用程序逻辑层的一部分。
This is a departure from the usual practice of the Click and Wait paradigm, where the browser contacts the mid-tier server to download presentation content on each and every user action.
这就摈弃了传统的单击并等待范例；在传统范例中，对于每次用户操作，浏览器都会与中间层服务器进行通信来下载表示内容。
SCA does not offer an alternative presentation-tier technology.
SCA并没有提供可供选择的表现层技术。
This results in a compact mid-tier logic that focuses purely on the business logic rather than carrying the additional load of delivering presentation content to the browsers.
因此，中间层逻辑会更紧凑，它只关注业务逻辑，而不需要承担向浏览器传递表示内容的责任。
The Servoy environment employs an n-tier architecture which includes cross-database support, and advanced application server, and a variety of deployment options in the presentation layer.
Servoy环境采用一个n层架构，该架构包括跨数据库支持、高级应用程序服务器以及呈现层中的各种部署选项。
The application servers in n-tier architecture host remotely accessible business components. These are accessed by the presentation layer web server over the network using native protocols.
N级结构中的应用服务器负责提供可远程访问的业务逻辑组件，而表现层网页服务器则使用本网协议通过网络访问这些组件。
Additionally, the presentation layer might communicate with the data access logic in the middle tier through a service such as a service.
此外，展示层可以透过服务(例如，服务)与中介层内的资料存取逻辑进行通讯。
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