They can cause long-lasting radiation storms in our planet's upper atmosphere and trigger radio blackouts.
Some amount, certainly, has left the planet through dissociation in the upper atmosphere.
And with the aid of thrusters and some dead-reckoning, the entry capsule will fly a path through the upper atmosphere.
BBC: Mars Curiosity rover success depends on 'crazy' landing
As those rays interact with the upper atmosphere, the effect would be to create an immense burst of electromagnetic energy.
One of these satellites, Aura, does already look at carbon dioxide, but its measurements are confined to the upper atmosphere.
The US space agency says the risk to life from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is 1 in 3, 200.
Current experiments, which were launched in September, include looking for microbes in the upper atmosphere, detecting cosmic rays, and looking for Cherenkov radiation.
FORBES: Attention Budding Scientists: NASA is Looking For Student Experiments
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is the largest American space agency satellite to return uncontrolled into the atmosphere in about 30 years.
The planet and its neighbours are bathed in the solar wind, a stream of charged particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun.
When Brandt showcases an image of a man hanging off the bottom of an airplane speeding through the upper atmosphere, he wants people to question its reality.
The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager instrument on Image is capturing the first global images of the plasmasphere, a tenuous extension of the Earth's electrically charged upper atmosphere, or ionosphere.
Next year, NASA plans to launch a probe to study the upper atmosphere of Mars, but planners this month are debating what future Mars landings if any the space agency can afford.
The scientific explanation - streams of charged particles from sun storms interacting with electrons in nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the earth's upper atmosphere - does little to demystify the experience.
The Northern Lights happen when incoming solar radiation hits the earth's upper atmosphere and excites atoms to a new energy state, emitting colours which is energy in the form of light.
Theory predicts that when cosmic rays (fast particles coming from outer space) collide with air molecules in the upper atmosphere, they should yield twice as many muon neutrinos as electron neutrinos.
It involves pumping sulphur dioxide into the upper atmosphere.
TC4 project will generate new data on the icy cirrus clouds that are formed in the upper atmosphere by heat-driven, or convective, storm systems that coalesce over warm waters in the tropics.
In the mid-1980s the fashionable eco-catastrophe was nuclear winter millions of tonnes of smoke deposited in the upper atmosphere as the result of a nuclear war causing a drastic drop in the surface temperature of the world.
There are several other differences: Arrow aims for interception as the missile is plunging through the upper atmosphere not in space, but still high enough, Israeli officials insist, to ensure that any poisonous debris is burned up.
The cloud characteristics included differences in the ease with which moist air in the tropics travels into the upper atmosphere, the speed with which raindrops fatten and the level of humidity required for clouds to form.
While the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere plays an important role in limiting harmful ultraviolet light reaching the Earth's surface, low-level ozone is a pollutant that is harmful, causing respiratory problems in animals as well as well-documented cases in humans.
This system will provide a common platform for all stakeholders of flood management and related activities including Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), Indus River System Authority (IRSA), Federal Flood Commission (FFC), Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Indus Water Commissioner (IWC), provincial irrigation departments, and many others.
And the hot plasma can also heat up and expand the upper layers of the atmosphere, causing satellites in low orbits to encounter more air resistance and lose altitude.
The gale blowing in off the Indian Ocean continued to howl around the upper reaches of the brand-new Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, but the crowd created a party atmosphere in the second half.
应用推荐