In the past a product's shape alterations would be hammered out by designers in a surface-modeling program, a tool that allows for easy curve design and concept change.

FORBES: Easy Designer

"The way we do this is essentially by modeling the surface of the keyboard as a series of probability distributions, " said Ben Medlock, chief technology officer at TouchType Ltd.

WSJ: The Future of Typing

First of all, GISS is actually only a climate modeling shop that relies on surface (not satellite) data that is mostly supplied by others.

FORBES: NASA's Inconvenient Ruse: The Goddard Institute For Space Studies