It also ranked second-worst, behind Los Angeles, for smog levels, known formally as ozone pollution.
Burning ethanol also releases large quantities of nitrogen oxide (smog) that causes respiratory disease.
Yet commerce is more certain to be in the air than the Beijing smog.
"The forecast here from Dengfeng is a high chance of smog, " he said from their hotel.
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It's much like smog in Los Angeles, a small particulate dispersed over a large area.
Unlike every other consequence of the smog, its political effects may be no bad thing.
The smog that hung over Asia in the autumn of 1997 did not help Malaysia and Indonesia.
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The smog went but I don't know how much one could ascribe it to the actions taken.
Sulfur dioxide forms lung-damaging soot and smog, and has been linked to an array of respiratory problems.
Mr. Obama personally said he would jettison the EPA rule that would have reduced smog-forming ozone levels.
After the city's car culture created a smog problem, scientists started researching protective helmets to protect people.
So maybe, just maybe, the Great Smog of Beijing in recent days will mark a turning point.
At the end of May the smog index rose high enough to trigger extra restrictions on cars.
If this column causes you to see opportunity beyond the defeatist smog, then I'll have done my job.
To answer this, you first need to think about this history of Smog in our urban centers.
Sales in some areas also have been damped by restrictions imposed on ownership to combat smog and congestion.
Los Angeles, with its smog, bum economy, suffocating state debt and off the charts traffic, is the past.
The smog has even reached southern Thailand, where face-masks have been distributed to the public in one province.
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It's also more likely that high pollution levels will occur because heat creates the conditions for photochemical smog.
The smog didn't bother Gary, his theory being that a two-packs-a-day habit had immunized him against airborne crud.
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And in China, smog is starting to clear in some parts of the country, China Central Television reports.
There are three tantalizing signs it might, starting with the off-the-charts smog that blanketed northern China this month.
In Zhejiang province, a factory burned for three hours before neighbors realized the smoke was not smog.
The heavy smog and haze that enveloped Beijing this weekend pushed the pollution index to a record high.
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So too are many of the factory chimneys that help turn the city's rarefied air into noxious smog.
But if the smog lasts for months, or returns in force next year, popular patience will run thin.
These gases are then used to clean up smog-producing nitrogen oxides, or NOx.
Smog is a regional concern involving many large sources, vehicles, and meteorological factors.
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Unlike particulate matter and smog-forming chemicals, carbon dioxide can't be filtered or trapped.
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