This, among other things, helps it to distinguish bacteria from human membranes, which have a less negative charge.

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The process took advantage of an electric charge differential existing between the polymer, which was positively charged, and the bacteria cells, which carried a net negative charge.

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Both naturally carry a negative charge and repelled each other.

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The two companies disagreed about who was in charge of interpreting a negative pressure test that could have warned workers of the problems.

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And its coverage ratio for non-earning loans the ratio of earnings to loan charge-offs was negative in 2009, compared with 1.53 times earnings at banks.

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He said the ECB was "technically ready" to take the interest rate on its deposit facility into negative territory - in other words, to charge banks to park their cash with the central bank.

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"The idea of just slapping on a congestion charge to Bristol as it stands will have a negative impact on motorists and the city's economic livelihood, " he added.

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After all this education, the physican will have substantial negative net worth due to all the loans that the schools charge and a heavy opportunity cost of 11-15 years post HS education in which no net money was made.

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On the other hand, mothers who engaged in negative gatekeeping, grimacing or criticized fathers' efforts to take charge, could block out even fathers who believe they should be involved, says the study, led by Sarah Schoppe-Sullivan, assistant professor, child development, at Ohio State University.

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