The president is determined to complete the reforms before the end of his term in 1998 -- tax reform, protection of intellectual property, retail trade liberalization, reform of the Philippine National Police, amendments to the Expanded Value Added Tax, more incentives to investors, judicial reforms.

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Nine areas of priority were highlighted, including reforming public administration, fiscal reform, financial liberalization to allow for more international bank participation in the Chinese economy, social welfare reform, urbanization, agriculture modernization, and technology and innovation.

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In Ghana's case, incomplete political liberalization and fitful intellectual reform clipped its economic success in the 1990s.

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So we will work with the EU to facilitate more trade within the region, build on existing agreements to promote integration with U.S. and European markets, and open the door for those countries who adopt high standards of reform and trade liberalization to construct a regional trade arrangement.

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Beijing will require a deft handling of the carrot-and-stick approach in the hope that internal economic liberalization will create forces for eventual democratic political reform.

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Indeed, as Kremlin halls ring ever more frequently with calls to "follow the Chinese model" of political authoritarianism and economic liberalization, distinctions between the two governments based on progress toward reform will become utterly untenable.

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The stall in liberalization has led to increasing public frustration on the part of some pro-reform intellectuals in China.

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Conditions are "basically ripe" for interest-rate liberalization, China's central-bank governor said, bolstering other leaders' calls for economic reform.

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